x86: Instruction decoder API

Add x86 instruction decoder to arch-specific libraries. This decoder
can decode x86 instructions used in kernel into prefix, opcode, modrm,
sib, displacement and immediates. This can also show the length of
instructions.

This version introduces instruction attributes for decoding
instructions.
The instruction attribute tables are generated from the opcode map file
(x86-opcode-map.txt) by the generator script(gen-insn-attr-x86.awk).

Currently, the opcode maps are based on opcode maps in Intel(R) 64 and
IA-32 Architectures Software Developers Manual Vol.2: Appendix.A,
and consist of below two types of opcode tables.

1-byte/2-bytes/3-bytes opcodes, which has 256 elements, are
written as below;

 Table: table-name
 Referrer: escaped-name
 opcode: mnemonic|GrpXXX [operand1[,operand2...]] [(extra1)[,(extra2)...] [| 2nd-mnemonic ...]
  (or)
 opcode: escape # escaped-name
 EndTable

Group opcodes, which has 8 elements, are written as below;

 GrpTable: GrpXXX
 reg:  mnemonic [operand1[,operand2...]] [(extra1)[,(extra2)...] [| 2nd-mnemonic ...]
 EndTable

These opcode maps include a few SSE and FP opcodes (for setup), because
those opcodes are used in the kernel.

Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jim Keniston <jkenisto@us.ibm.com>
Acked-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Frank Ch. Eigler <fche@redhat.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Cc: K.Prasad <prasad@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Przemysław Pawełczyk <przemyslaw@pawelczyk.it>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Tom Zanussi <tzanussi@gmail.com>
Cc: Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@gmail.com>
LKML-Reference: <20090813203413.31965.49709.stgit@localhost.localdomain>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>

1 files changed, 464 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/arch/x86/lib/insn.c b/arch/x86/lib/insn.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..dfd56a30053f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/x86/lib/insn.c
@@ -0,0 +1,464 @@
+/*
+ * x86 instruction analysis
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2002, 2004, 2009
+ */
+
+#include <linux/string.h>
+#include <asm/inat.h>
+#include <asm/insn.h>
+
+#define get_next(t, insn)	\
+	({t r; r = *(t*)insn->next_byte; insn->next_byte += sizeof(t); r; })
+
+#define peek_next(t, insn)	\
+	({t r; r = *(t*)insn->next_byte; r; })
+
+/**
+ * insn_init() - initialize struct insn
+ * @insn:	&struct insn to be initialized
+ * @kaddr:	address (in kernel memory) of instruction (or copy thereof)
+ * @x86_64:	!0 for 64-bit kernel or 64-bit app
+ */
+void insn_init(struct insn *insn, const void *kaddr, int x86_64)
+{
+	memset(insn, 0, sizeof(*insn));
+	insn->kaddr = kaddr;
+	insn->next_byte = kaddr;
+	insn->x86_64 = x86_64 ? 1 : 0;
+	insn->opnd_bytes = 4;
+	if (x86_64)
+		insn->addr_bytes = 8;
+	else
+		insn->addr_bytes = 4;
+}
+
+/**
+ * insn_get_prefixes - scan x86 instruction prefix bytes
+ * @insn:	&struct insn containing instruction
+ *
+ * Populates the @insn->prefixes bitmap, and updates @insn->next_byte
+ * to point to the (first) opcode.  No effect if @insn->prefixes.got
+ * is already set.
+ */
+void insn_get_prefixes(struct insn *insn)
+{
+	struct insn_field *prefixes = &insn->prefixes;
+	insn_attr_t attr;
+	insn_byte_t b, lb;
+	int i, nb;
+
+	if (prefixes->got)
+		return;
+
+	nb = 0;
+	lb = 0;
+	b = peek_next(insn_byte_t, insn);
+	attr = inat_get_opcode_attribute(b);
+	while (inat_is_prefix(attr)) {
+		/* Skip if same prefix */
+		for (i = 0; i < nb; i++)
+			if (prefixes->bytes[i] == b)
+				goto found;
+		if (nb == 4)
+			/* Invalid instruction */
+			break;
+		prefixes->bytes[nb++] = b;
+		if (inat_is_address_size_prefix(attr)) {
+			/* address size switches 2/4 or 4/8 */
+			if (insn->x86_64)
+				insn->addr_bytes ^= 12;
+			else
+				insn->addr_bytes ^= 6;
+		} else if (inat_is_operand_size_prefix(attr)) {
+			/* oprand size switches 2/4 */
+			insn->opnd_bytes ^= 6;
+		}
+found:
+		prefixes->nbytes++;
+		insn->next_byte++;
+		lb = b;
+		b = peek_next(insn_byte_t, insn);
+		attr = inat_get_opcode_attribute(b);
+	}
+	/* Set the last prefix */
+	if (lb && lb != insn->prefixes.bytes[3]) {
+		if (unlikely(insn->prefixes.bytes[3])) {
+			/* Swap the last prefix */
+			b = insn->prefixes.bytes[3];
+			for (i = 0; i < nb; i++)
+				if (prefixes->bytes[i] == lb)
+					prefixes->bytes[i] = b;
+		}
+		insn->prefixes.bytes[3] = lb;
+	}
+
+	if (insn->x86_64) {
+		b = peek_next(insn_byte_t, insn);
+		attr = inat_get_opcode_attribute(b);
+		if (inat_is_rex_prefix(attr)) {
+			insn->rex_prefix.value = b;
+			insn->rex_prefix.nbytes = 1;
+			insn->next_byte++;
+			if (X86_REX_W(b))
+				/* REX.W overrides opnd_size */
+				insn->opnd_bytes = 8;
+		}
+	}
+	insn->rex_prefix.got = 1;
+	prefixes->got = 1;
+	return;
+}
+
+/**
+ * insn_get_opcode - collect opcode(s)
+ * @insn:	&struct insn containing instruction
+ *
+ * Populates @insn->opcode, updates @insn->next_byte to point past the
+ * opcode byte(s), and set @insn->attr (except for groups).
+ * If necessary, first collects any preceding (prefix) bytes.
+ * Sets @insn->opcode.value = opcode1.  No effect if @insn->opcode.got
+ * is already 1.
+ */
+void insn_get_opcode(struct insn *insn)
+{
+	struct insn_field *opcode = &insn->opcode;
+	insn_byte_t op, pfx;
+	if (opcode->got)
+		return;
+	if (!insn->prefixes.got)
+		insn_get_prefixes(insn);
+
+	/* Get first opcode */
+	op = get_next(insn_byte_t, insn);
+	opcode->bytes[0] = op;
+	opcode->nbytes = 1;
+	insn->attr = inat_get_opcode_attribute(op);
+	while (inat_is_escape(insn->attr)) {
+		/* Get escaped opcode */
+		op = get_next(insn_byte_t, insn);
+		opcode->bytes[opcode->nbytes++] = op;
+		pfx = insn_last_prefix(insn);
+		insn->attr = inat_get_escape_attribute(op, pfx, insn->attr);
+	}
+	opcode->got = 1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * insn_get_modrm - collect ModRM byte, if any
+ * @insn:	&struct insn containing instruction
+ *
+ * Populates @insn->modrm and updates @insn->next_byte to point past the
+ * ModRM byte, if any.  If necessary, first collects the preceding bytes
+ * (prefixes and opcode(s)).  No effect if @insn->modrm.got is already 1.
+ */
+void insn_get_modrm(struct insn *insn)
+{
+	struct insn_field *modrm = &insn->modrm;
+	insn_byte_t pfx, mod;
+	if (modrm->got)
+		return;
+	if (!insn->opcode.got)
+		insn_get_opcode(insn);
+
+	if (inat_has_modrm(insn->attr)) {
+		mod = get_next(insn_byte_t, insn);
+		modrm->value = mod;
+		modrm->nbytes = 1;
+		if (inat_is_group(insn->attr)) {
+			pfx = insn_last_prefix(insn);
+			insn->attr = inat_get_group_attribute(mod, pfx,
+							      insn->attr);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (insn->x86_64 && inat_is_force64(insn->attr))
+		insn->opnd_bytes = 8;
+	modrm->got = 1;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * insn_rip_relative() - Does instruction use RIP-relative addressing mode?
+ * @insn:	&struct insn containing instruction
+ *
+ * If necessary, first collects the instruction up to and including the
+ * ModRM byte.  No effect if @insn->x86_64 is 0.
+ */
+int insn_rip_relative(struct insn *insn)
+{
+	struct insn_field *modrm = &insn->modrm;
+
+	if (!insn->x86_64)
+		return 0;
+	if (!modrm->got)
+		insn_get_modrm(insn);
+	/*
+	 * For rip-relative instructions, the mod field (top 2 bits)
+	 * is zero and the r/m field (bottom 3 bits) is 0x5.
+	 */
+	return (modrm->nbytes && (modrm->value & 0xc7) == 0x5);
+}
+
+/**
+ * insn_get_sib() - Get the SIB byte of instruction
+ * @insn:	&struct insn containing instruction
+ *
+ * If necessary, first collects the instruction up to and including the
+ * ModRM byte.
+ */
+void insn_get_sib(struct insn *insn)
+{
+	insn_byte_t modrm;
+
+	if (insn->sib.got)
+		return;
+	if (!insn->modrm.got)
+		insn_get_modrm(insn);
+	if (insn->modrm.nbytes) {
+		modrm = (insn_byte_t)insn->modrm.value;
+		if (insn->addr_bytes != 2 &&
+		    X86_MODRM_MOD(modrm) != 3 && X86_MODRM_RM(modrm) == 4) {
+			insn->sib.value = get_next(insn_byte_t, insn);
+			insn->sib.nbytes = 1;
+		}
+	}
+	insn->sib.got = 1;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * insn_get_displacement() - Get the displacement of instruction
+ * @insn:	&struct insn containing instruction
+ *
+ * If necessary, first collects the instruction up to and including the
+ * SIB byte.
+ * Displacement value is sign-expanded.
+ */
+void insn_get_displacement(struct insn *insn)
+{
+	insn_byte_t mod, rm, base;
+
+	if (insn->displacement.got)
+		return;
+	if (!insn->sib.got)
+		insn_get_sib(insn);
+	if (insn->modrm.nbytes) {
+		/*
+		 * Interpreting the modrm byte:
+		 * mod = 00 - no displacement fields (exceptions below)
+		 * mod = 01 - 1-byte displacement field
+		 * mod = 10 - displacement field is 4 bytes, or 2 bytes if
+		 * 	address size = 2 (0x67 prefix in 32-bit mode)
+		 * mod = 11 - no memory operand
+		 *
+		 * If address size = 2...
+		 * mod = 00, r/m = 110 - displacement field is 2 bytes
+		 *
+		 * If address size != 2...
+		 * mod != 11, r/m = 100 - SIB byte exists
+		 * mod = 00, SIB base = 101 - displacement field is 4 bytes
+		 * mod = 00, r/m = 101 - rip-relative addressing, displacement
+		 * 	field is 4 bytes
+		 */
+		mod = X86_MODRM_MOD(insn->modrm.value);
+		rm = X86_MODRM_RM(insn->modrm.value);
+		base = X86_SIB_BASE(insn->sib.value);
+		if (mod == 3)
+			goto out;
+		if (mod == 1) {
+			insn->displacement.value = get_next(char, insn);
+			insn->displacement.nbytes = 1;
+		} else if (insn->addr_bytes == 2) {
+			if ((mod == 0 && rm == 6) || mod == 2) {
+				insn->displacement.value =
+					 get_next(short, insn);
+				insn->displacement.nbytes = 2;
+			}
+		} else {
+			if ((mod == 0 && rm == 5) || mod == 2 ||
+			    (mod == 0 && base == 5)) {
+				insn->displacement.value = get_next(int, insn);
+				insn->displacement.nbytes = 4;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+out:
+	insn->displacement.got = 1;
+}
+
+/* Decode moffset16/32/64 */
+static void __get_moffset(struct insn *insn)
+{
+	switch (insn->addr_bytes) {
+	case 2:
+		insn->moffset1.value = get_next(short, insn);
+		insn->moffset1.nbytes = 2;
+		break;
+	case 4:
+		insn->moffset1.value = get_next(int, insn);
+		insn->moffset1.nbytes = 4;
+		break;
+	case 8:
+		insn->moffset1.value = get_next(int, insn);
+		insn->moffset1.nbytes = 4;
+		insn->moffset2.value = get_next(int, insn);
+		insn->moffset2.nbytes = 4;
+		break;
+	}
+	insn->moffset1.got = insn->moffset2.got = 1;
+}
+
+/* Decode imm v32(Iz) */
+static void __get_immv32(struct insn *insn)
+{
+	switch (insn->opnd_bytes) {
+	case 2:
+		insn->immediate.value = get_next(short, insn);
+		insn->immediate.nbytes = 2;
+		break;
+	case 4:
+	case 8:
+		insn->immediate.value = get_next(int, insn);
+		insn->immediate.nbytes = 4;
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+/* Decode imm v64(Iv/Ov) */
+static void __get_immv(struct insn *insn)
+{
+	switch (insn->opnd_bytes) {
+	case 2:
+		insn->immediate1.value = get_next(short, insn);
+		insn->immediate1.nbytes = 2;
+		break;
+	case 4:
+		insn->immediate1.value = get_next(int, insn);
+		insn->immediate1.nbytes = 4;
+		break;
+	case 8:
+		insn->immediate1.value = get_next(int, insn);
+		insn->immediate1.nbytes = 4;
+		insn->immediate2.value = get_next(int, insn);
+		insn->immediate2.nbytes = 4;
+		break;
+	}
+	insn->immediate1.got = insn->immediate2.got = 1;
+}
+
+/* Decode ptr16:16/32(Ap) */
+static void __get_immptr(struct insn *insn)
+{
+	switch (insn->opnd_bytes) {
+	case 2:
+		insn->immediate1.value = get_next(short, insn);
+		insn->immediate1.nbytes = 2;
+		break;
+	case 4:
+		insn->immediate1.value = get_next(int, insn);
+		insn->immediate1.nbytes = 4;
+		break;
+	case 8:
+		/* ptr16:64 is not exist (no segment) */
+		return;
+	}
+	insn->immediate2.value = get_next(unsigned short, insn);
+	insn->immediate2.nbytes = 2;
+	insn->immediate1.got = insn->immediate2.got = 1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * insn_get_immediate() - Get the immediates of instruction
+ * @insn:	&struct insn containing instruction
+ *
+ * If necessary, first collects the instruction up to and including the
+ * displacement bytes.
+ * Basically, most of immediates are sign-expanded. Unsigned-value can be
+ * get by bit masking with ((1 << (nbytes * 8)) - 1)
+ */
+void insn_get_immediate(struct insn *insn)
+{
+	if (insn->immediate.got)
+		return;
+	if (!insn->displacement.got)
+		insn_get_displacement(insn);
+
+	if (inat_has_moffset(insn->attr)) {
+		__get_moffset(insn);
+		goto done;
+	}
+
+	if (!inat_has_immediate(insn->attr))
+		/* no immediates */
+		goto done;
+
+	switch (inat_immediate_size(insn->attr)) {
+	case INAT_IMM_BYTE:
+		insn->immediate.value = get_next(char, insn);
+		insn->immediate.nbytes = 1;
+		break;
+	case INAT_IMM_WORD:
+		insn->immediate.value = get_next(short, insn);
+		insn->immediate.nbytes = 2;
+		break;
+	case INAT_IMM_DWORD:
+		insn->immediate.value = get_next(int, insn);
+		insn->immediate.nbytes = 4;
+		break;
+	case INAT_IMM_QWORD:
+		insn->immediate1.value = get_next(int, insn);
+		insn->immediate1.nbytes = 4;
+		insn->immediate2.value = get_next(int, insn);
+		insn->immediate2.nbytes = 4;
+		break;
+	case INAT_IMM_PTR:
+		__get_immptr(insn);
+		break;
+	case INAT_IMM_VWORD32:
+		__get_immv32(insn);
+		break;
+	case INAT_IMM_VWORD:
+		__get_immv(insn);
+		break;
+	default:
+		break;
+	}
+	if (inat_has_second_immediate(insn->attr)) {
+		insn->immediate2.value = get_next(char, insn);
+		insn->immediate2.nbytes = 1;
+	}
+done:
+	insn->immediate.got = 1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * insn_get_length() - Get the length of instruction
+ * @insn:	&struct insn containing instruction
+ *
+ * If necessary, first collects the instruction up to and including the
+ * immediates bytes.
+ */
+void insn_get_length(struct insn *insn)
+{
+	if (insn->length)
+		return;
+	if (!insn->immediate.got)
+		insn_get_immediate(insn);
+	insn->length = (unsigned char)((unsigned long)insn->next_byte
+				     - (unsigned long)insn->kaddr);
+}