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2008-09-08netns : fix kernel panic in timewait socket destructionDaniel Lezcano
How to reproduce ? - create a network namespace - use tcp protocol and get timewait socket - exit the network namespace - after a moment (when the timewait socket is destroyed), the kernel panics. # BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at 0000000000000007 IP: [<ffffffff821e394d>] inet_twdr_do_twkill_work+0x6e/0xb8 PGD 119985067 PUD 11c5c0067 PMD 0 Oops: 0000 [1] SMP CPU 1 Modules linked in: ipv6 button battery ac loop dm_mod tg3 libphy ext3 jbd edd fan thermal processor thermal_sys sg sata_svw libata dock serverworks sd_mod scsi_mod ide_disk ide_core [last unloaded: freq_table] Pid: 0, comm: swapper Not tainted 2.6.27-rc2 #3 RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff821e394d>] [<ffffffff821e394d>] inet_twdr_do_twkill_work+0x6e/0xb8 RSP: 0018:ffff88011ff7fed0 EFLAGS: 00010246 RAX: ffffffffffffffff RBX: ffffffff82339420 RCX: ffff88011ff7ff30 RDX: 0000000000000001 RSI: ffff88011a4d03c0 RDI: ffff88011ac2fc00 RBP: ffffffff823392e0 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: ffff88002802a200 R10: ffff8800a5c4b000 R11: ffffffff823e4080 R12: ffff88011ac2fc00 R13: 0000000000000001 R14: 0000000000000001 R15: 0000000000000000 FS: 0000000041cbd940(0000) GS:ffff8800bff839c0(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0018 ES: 0018 CR0: 000000008005003b CR2: 0000000000000007 CR3: 00000000bd87c000 CR4: 00000000000006e0 DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000ffff0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400 Process swapper (pid: 0, threadinfo ffff8800bff9e000, task ffff88011ff76690) Stack: ffffffff823392e0 0000000000000100 ffffffff821e3a3a 0000000000000008 0000000000000000 ffffffff821e3a61 ffff8800bff7c000 ffffffff8203c7e7 ffff88011ff7ff10 ffff88011ff7ff10 0000000000000021 ffffffff82351108 Call Trace: <IRQ> [<ffffffff821e3a3a>] ? inet_twdr_hangman+0x0/0x9e [<ffffffff821e3a61>] ? inet_twdr_hangman+0x27/0x9e [<ffffffff8203c7e7>] ? run_timer_softirq+0x12c/0x193 [<ffffffff820390d1>] ? __do_softirq+0x5e/0xcd [<ffffffff8200d08c>] ? call_softirq+0x1c/0x28 [<ffffffff8200e611>] ? do_softirq+0x2c/0x68 [<ffffffff8201a055>] ? smp_apic_timer_interrupt+0x8e/0xa9 [<ffffffff8200cad6>] ? apic_timer_interrupt+0x66/0x70 <EOI> [<ffffffff82011f4c>] ? default_idle+0x27/0x3b [<ffffffff8200abbd>] ? cpu_idle+0x5f/0x7d Code: e8 01 00 00 4c 89 e7 41 ff c5 e8 8d fd ff ff 49 8b 44 24 38 4c 89 e7 65 8b 14 25 24 00 00 00 89 d2 48 8b 80 e8 00 00 00 48 f7 d0 <48> 8b 04 d0 48 ff 40 58 e8 fc fc ff ff 48 89 df e8 c0 5f 04 00 RIP [<ffffffff821e394d>] inet_twdr_do_twkill_work+0x6e/0xb8 RSP <ffff88011ff7fed0> CR2: 0000000000000007 This patch provides a function to purge all timewait sockets related to a network namespace. The timewait sockets life cycle is not tied with the network namespace, that means the timewait sockets stay alive while the network namespace dies. The timewait sockets are for avoiding to receive a duplicate packet from the network, if the network namespace is freed, the network stack is removed, so no chance to receive any packets from the outside world. Furthermore, having a pending destruction timer on these sockets with a network namespace freed is not safe and will lead to an oops if the timer callback which try to access data belonging to the namespace like for example in: inet_twdr_do_twkill_work -> NET_INC_STATS_BH(twsk_net(tw), LINUX_MIB_TIMEWAITED); Purging the timewait sockets at the network namespace destruction will: 1) speed up memory freeing for the namespace 2) fix kernel panic on asynchronous timewait destruction Signed-off-by: Daniel Lezcano <dlezcano@fr.ibm.com> Acked-by: Denis V. Lunev <den@openvz.org> Acked-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2008-09-02ipv: Re-enable IP when MTU > 68Breno Leitao
Re-enable IP when the MTU gets back to a valid size. This patch just checks if the in_dev is NULL on a NETDEV_CHANGEMTU event and if MTU is valid (bigger than 68), then re-enable in_dev. Also a function that checks valid MTU size was created. Signed-off-by: Breno Leitao <leitao@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2008-08-27ipv4: mode 0555 in ipv4_skeletonHugh Dickins
vpnc on today's kernel says Cannot open "/proc/sys/net/ipv4/route/flush": d--------- 0 root root 0 2008-08-26 11:32 /proc/sys/net/ipv4/route d--------- 0 root root 0 2008-08-26 19:16 /proc/sys/net/ipv4/neigh Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Acked-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2008-08-27tcp: fix tcp header size miscalculation when window scale is unusedPhilip Love
The size of the TCP header is miscalculated when the window scale ends up being 0. Additionally, this can be induced by sending a SYN to a passive open port with a window scale option with value 0. Signed-off-by: Philip Love <love_phil@emc.com> Signed-off-by: Adam Langley <agl@imperialviolet.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2008-08-25ipv4: sysctl fixesAl Viro
net.ipv4.neigh should be a part of skeleton to avoid ordering problems Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2008-08-23icmp: icmp_sk() should not use smp_processor_id() in preemptible codeDenis V. Lunev
Pass namespace into icmp_xmit_lock, obtain socket inside and return it as a result for caller. Thanks Alexey Dobryan for this report: Steps to reproduce: CONFIG_PREEMPT=y CONFIG_DEBUG_PREEMPT=y tracepath <something> BUG: using smp_processor_id() in preemptible [00000000] code: tracepath/3205 caller is icmp_sk+0x15/0x30 Pid: 3205, comm: tracepath Not tainted 2.6.27-rc4 #1 Call Trace: [<ffffffff8031af14>] debug_smp_processor_id+0xe4/0xf0 [<ffffffff80409405>] icmp_sk+0x15/0x30 [<ffffffff8040a17b>] icmp_send+0x4b/0x3f0 [<ffffffff8025a415>] ? trace_hardirqs_on_caller+0xd5/0x160 [<ffffffff8025a4ad>] ? trace_hardirqs_on+0xd/0x10 [<ffffffff8023a475>] ? local_bh_enable_ip+0x95/0x110 [<ffffffff804285b9>] ? _spin_unlock_bh+0x39/0x40 [<ffffffff8025a26c>] ? mark_held_locks+0x4c/0x90 [<ffffffff8025a4ad>] ? trace_hardirqs_on+0xd/0x10 [<ffffffff8025a415>] ? trace_hardirqs_on_caller+0xd5/0x160 [<ffffffff803e91b4>] ip_fragment+0x8d4/0x900 [<ffffffff803e7030>] ? ip_finish_output2+0x0/0x290 [<ffffffff803e91e0>] ? ip_finish_output+0x0/0x60 [<ffffffff803e6650>] ? dst_output+0x0/0x10 [<ffffffff803e922c>] ip_finish_output+0x4c/0x60 [<ffffffff803e92e3>] ip_output+0xa3/0xf0 [<ffffffff803e68d0>] ip_local_out+0x20/0x30 [<ffffffff803e753f>] ip_push_pending_frames+0x27f/0x400 [<ffffffff80406313>] udp_push_pending_frames+0x233/0x3d0 [<ffffffff804067d1>] udp_sendmsg+0x321/0x6f0 [<ffffffff8040d155>] inet_sendmsg+0x45/0x80 [<ffffffff803b967f>] sock_sendmsg+0xdf/0x110 [<ffffffff8024a100>] ? autoremove_wake_function+0x0/0x40 [<ffffffff80257ce5>] ? validate_chain+0x415/0x1010 [<ffffffff8027dc10>] ? __do_fault+0x140/0x450 [<ffffffff802597d0>] ? __lock_acquire+0x260/0x590 [<ffffffff803b9e55>] ? sockfd_lookup_light+0x45/0x80 [<ffffffff803ba50a>] sys_sendto+0xea/0x120 [<ffffffff80428e42>] ? _spin_unlock_irqrestore+0x42/0x80 [<ffffffff803134bc>] ? __up_read+0x4c/0xb0 [<ffffffff8024e0c6>] ? up_read+0x26/0x30 [<ffffffff8020b8bb>] system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b icmp6_sk() is similar. Signed-off-by: Denis V. Lunev <den@openvz.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2008-08-18nf_nat: use secure_ipv4_port_ephemeral() for NAT port randomizationStephen Hemminger
Use incoming network tuple as seed for NAT port randomization. This avoids concerns of leaking net_random() bits, and also gives better port distribution. Don't have NAT server, compile tested only. Signed-off-by: Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@vyatta.com> [ added missing EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL ] Signed-off-by: Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2008-08-18netfilter: ipt_addrtype: Fix matching of inverted destination address typeAnders Grafström
This patch fixes matching of inverted destination address type. Signed-off-by: Anders Grafström <grfstrm@users.sourceforge.net> Signed-off-by: Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2008-08-15ipv4: Disable route secret interval on zero intervalHerbert Xu
Let me first state that disabling the route cache hash rebuild should not be done without extensive analysis on the risk profile and careful deliberation. However, there are times when this can be done safely or for testing. For example, when you have mechanisms for ensuring that offending parties do not exist in your network. This patch lets the user disable the rebuild if the interval is set to zero. This also incidentally fixes a divide-by-zero error with name-spaces. In addition, this patch makes the effect of an interval change immediate rather than it taking effect at the next rebuild as is currently the case. Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2008-08-13netns: Fix crash by making igmp per namespaceDaniel Lezcano
This patch makes the multicast socket to be per namespace. When a network namespace is created, other than the init_net and a multicast packet is received, the kernel goes to a hang or a kernel panic. How to reproduce ? * create a child network namespace * create a pair virtual device veth * ip link add type veth * move one side to the pair network device to the child namespace * ip link set netns <childpid> dev veth1 * ping -I veth0 224.0.0.1 The bug appears because the function ip_mc_init_dev does not initialize the different multicast fields as it exits because it is not the init_net. BUG: soft lockup - CPU#0 stuck for 61s! [avahi-daemon:2695] Modules linked in: irq event stamp: 50350 hardirqs last enabled at (50349): [<c03ee949>] _spin_unlock_irqrestore+0x34/0x39 hardirqs last disabled at (50350): [<c03ec639>] schedule+0x9f/0x5ff softirqs last enabled at (45712): [<c0374d4b>] ip_setsockopt+0x8e7/0x909 softirqs last disabled at (45710): [<c03ee682>] _spin_lock_bh+0x8/0x27 Pid: 2695, comm: avahi-daemon Not tainted (2.6.27-rc2-00029-g0872073 #3) EIP: 0060:[<c03ee47c>] EFLAGS: 00000297 CPU: 0 EIP is at __read_lock_failed+0x8/0x10 EAX: c4f38810 EBX: c4f38810 ECX: 00000000 EDX: c04cc22e ESI: fb0000e0 EDI: 00000011 EBP: 0f02000a ESP: c4e3faa0 DS: 007b ES: 007b FS: 00d8 GS: 0033 SS: 0068 CR0: 8005003b CR2: 44618a40 CR3: 04e37000 CR4: 000006d0 DR0: 00000000 DR1: 00000000 DR2: 00000000 DR3: 00000000 DR6: ffff0ff0 DR7: 00000400 [<c02311f8>] ? _raw_read_lock+0x23/0x25 [<c0390666>] ? ip_check_mc+0x1c/0x83 [<c036d478>] ? ip_route_input+0x229/0xe92 [<c022e2e4>] ? trace_hardirqs_on_thunk+0xc/0x10 [<c0104c9c>] ? do_IRQ+0x69/0x7d [<c0102e64>] ? restore_nocheck_notrace+0x0/0xe [<c036fdba>] ? ip_rcv+0x227/0x505 [<c0358764>] ? netif_receive_skb+0xfe/0x2b3 [<c03588d2>] ? netif_receive_skb+0x26c/0x2b3 [<c035af31>] ? process_backlog+0x73/0xbd [<c035a8cd>] ? net_rx_action+0xc1/0x1ae [<c01218a8>] ? __do_softirq+0x7b/0xef [<c0121953>] ? do_softirq+0x37/0x4d [<c035b50d>] ? dev_queue_xmit+0x3d4/0x40b [<c0122037>] ? local_bh_enable+0x96/0xab [<c035b50d>] ? dev_queue_xmit+0x3d4/0x40b [<c012181e>] ? _local_bh_enable+0x79/0x88 [<c035fcb8>] ? neigh_resolve_output+0x20f/0x239 [<c0373118>] ? ip_finish_output+0x1df/0x209 [<c0373364>] ? ip_dev_loopback_xmit+0x62/0x66 [<c0371db5>] ? ip_local_out+0x15/0x17 [<c0372013>] ? ip_push_pending_frames+0x25c/0x2bb [<c03891b8>] ? udp_push_pending_frames+0x2bb/0x30e [<c038a189>] ? udp_sendmsg+0x413/0x51d [<c038a1a9>] ? udp_sendmsg+0x433/0x51d [<c038f927>] ? inet_sendmsg+0x35/0x3f [<c034f092>] ? sock_sendmsg+0xb8/0xd1 [<c012d554>] ? autoremove_wake_function+0x0/0x2b [<c022e6de>] ? copy_from_user+0x32/0x5e [<c022e6de>] ? copy_from_user+0x32/0x5e [<c034f238>] ? sys_sendmsg+0x18d/0x1f0 [<c0175e90>] ? pipe_write+0x3cb/0x3d7 [<c0170347>] ? do_sync_write+0xbe/0x105 [<c012d554>] ? autoremove_wake_function+0x0/0x2b [<c03503b2>] ? sys_socketcall+0x176/0x1b0 [<c01085ea>] ? syscall_trace_enter+0x6c/0x7b [<c0102e1a>] ? syscall_call+0x7/0xb Signed-off-by: Daniel Lezcano <dlezcano@fr.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2008-08-11Merge branch 'stealer/ipvs/for-davem' of git://git.stealer.net/linux-2.6David S. Miller
2008-08-11ipvs: Explictly clear ip_vs_stats membersSimon Horman
In order to align the coding styles of ip_vs_zero_stats() and its child-function ip_vs_zero_estimator(), clear ip_vs_stats members explicitlty rather than doing a limited memset(). This was chosen over modifying ip_vs_zero_estimator() to use memset() as it is more robust against changes in members in the relevant structures. memset() would be prefered if all members of the structure were to be cleared. Cc: Sven Wegener <sven.wegener@stealer.net> Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au> Signed-off-by: Sven Wegener <sven.wegener@stealer.net>
2008-08-11ipvs: No need to zero out ip_vs_stats during initializationSven Wegener
It's a global variable and automatically initialized to zero. And now we can also initialize the lock at compile time. Signed-off-by: Sven Wegener <sven.wegener@stealer.net> Acked-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
2008-08-11ipvs: Embed estimator object into stats objectSven Wegener
There's no reason for dynamically allocating an estimator object for every stats object. Directly embed an estimator object into every stats object and switch to using the kernel-provided list implementation. This makes the code much simpler and faster, as we do not need to traverse the list of all estimators to find the one belonging to a stats object. There's no need to use an rwlock, as we only have one reader. Also reorder the members of the estimator structure slightly to avoid padding overhead. This can't be done with the stats object as the members are currently copied to our user space object via memcpy() and changing it would break ABI. Signed-off-by: Sven Wegener <sven.wegener@stealer.net> Acked-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
2008-08-11ipvs: Mark net_vs_ctl_path constSven Wegener
Signed-off-by: Sven Wegener <sven.wegener@stealer.net> Acked-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
2008-08-11ipvs: Annotate init functions with __initSven Wegener
Being able to discard these functions saves a couple of bytes at runtime. The cleanup functions can't be annotated with __exit as they are also called from init functions. Signed-off-by: Sven Wegener <sven.wegener@stealer.net> Acked-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
2008-08-11ipvs: Initialize schedulers' struct list_head at compile timeSven Wegener
No need to do it at runtime and this saves a couple of bytes in the text section. Signed-off-by: Sven Wegener <sven.wegener@stealer.net> Acked-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
2008-08-11ipvs: Use list_empty() instead of open-coding the same functionalitySven Wegener
Signed-off-by: Sven Wegener <sven.wegener@stealer.net> Acked-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
2008-08-11ipvs: Fix possible deadlock in estimator codeSven Wegener
There is a slight chance for a deadlock in the estimator code. We can't call del_timer_sync() while holding our lock, as the timer might be active and spinning for the lock on another cpu. Work around this issue by using try_to_del_timer_sync() and releasing the lock. We could actually delete the timer outside of our lock, as the add and kill functions are only every called from userspace via [gs]etsockopt() and are serialized by a mutex, but better make this explicit. Signed-off-by: Sven Wegener <sven.wegener@stealer.net> Cc: stable <stable@kernel.org> Acked-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
2008-08-11ipvs: Fix possible deadlock in sync codeSven Wegener
Commit 998e7a76804b7a273a0460c2cdd5a51fa9856717 ("ipvs: Use kthread_run() instead of doing a double-fork via kernel_thread()") introduced a possible deadlock in the sync code. We need to use the _bh versions for the lock, as the lock is also accessed from a bottom half. Signed-off-by: Sven Wegener <sven.wegener@stealer.net> Acked-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
2008-08-09udp: Drop socket lock for encapsulated packetsHerbert Xu
The socket lock is there to protect the normal UDP receive path. Encapsulation UDP sockets don't need that protection. In fact the locking is deadly for them as they may contain another UDP packet within, possibly with the same addresses. Also the nested bit was copied from TCP. TCP needs it because of accept(2) spawning sockets. This simply doesn't apply to UDP so I've removed it. Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2008-08-07tcp: (whitespace only) fix confusing indentationAdam Langley
The indentation in part of tcp_minisocks makes it look like one of the if statements is much more important than it actually is. Signed-off-by: Adam Langley <agl@imperialviolet.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2008-08-06tcp: Fix kernel panic when calling tcp_v(4/6)_md5_do_lookupGui Jianfeng
If the following packet flow happen, kernel will panic. MathineA MathineB SYN ----------------------> SYN+ACK <---------------------- ACK(bad seq) ----------------------> When a bad seq ACK is received, tcp_v4_md5_do_lookup(skb->sk, ip_hdr(skb)->daddr)) is finally called by tcp_v4_reqsk_send_ack(), but the first parameter(skb->sk) is NULL at that moment, so kernel panic happens. This patch fixes this bug. OOPS output is as following: [ 302.812793] IP: [<c05cfaa6>] tcp_v4_md5_do_lookup+0x12/0x42 [ 302.817075] Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP [ 302.819815] Modules linked in: ipv6 loop dm_multipath rtc_cmos rtc_core rtc_lib pcspkr pcnet32 mii i2c_piix4 parport_pc i2c_core parport ac button ata_piix libata dm_mod mptspi mptscsih mptbase scsi_transport_spi sd_mod scsi_mod crc_t10dif ext3 jbd mbcache uhci_hcd ohci_hcd ehci_hcd [last unloaded: scsi_wait_scan] [ 302.849946] [ 302.851198] Pid: 0, comm: swapper Not tainted (2.6.27-rc1-guijf #5) [ 302.855184] EIP: 0060:[<c05cfaa6>] EFLAGS: 00010296 CPU: 0 [ 302.858296] EIP is at tcp_v4_md5_do_lookup+0x12/0x42 [ 302.861027] EAX: 0000001e EBX: 00000000 ECX: 00000046 EDX: 00000046 [ 302.864867] ESI: ceb69e00 EDI: 1467a8c0 EBP: cf75f180 ESP: c0792e54 [ 302.868333] DS: 007b ES: 007b FS: 00d8 GS: 0000 SS: 0068 [ 302.871287] Process swapper (pid: 0, ti=c0792000 task=c0712340 task.ti=c0746000) [ 302.875592] Stack: c06f413a 00000000 cf75f180 ceb69e00 00000000 c05d0d86 000016d0 ceac5400 [ 302.883275] c05d28f8 000016d0 ceb69e00 ceb69e20 681bf6e3 00001000 00000000 0a67a8c0 [ 302.890971] ceac5400 c04250a3 c06f413a c0792eb0 c0792edc cf59a620 cf59a620 cf59a634 [ 302.900140] Call Trace: [ 302.902392] [<c05d0d86>] tcp_v4_reqsk_send_ack+0x17/0x35 [ 302.907060] [<c05d28f8>] tcp_check_req+0x156/0x372 [ 302.910082] [<c04250a3>] printk+0x14/0x18 [ 302.912868] [<c05d0aa1>] tcp_v4_do_rcv+0x1d3/0x2bf [ 302.917423] [<c05d26be>] tcp_v4_rcv+0x563/0x5b9 [ 302.920453] [<c05bb20f>] ip_local_deliver_finish+0xe8/0x183 [ 302.923865] [<c05bb10a>] ip_rcv_finish+0x286/0x2a3 [ 302.928569] [<c059e438>] dev_alloc_skb+0x11/0x25 [ 302.931563] [<c05a211f>] netif_receive_skb+0x2d6/0x33a [ 302.934914] [<d0917941>] pcnet32_poll+0x333/0x680 [pcnet32] [ 302.938735] [<c05a3b48>] net_rx_action+0x5c/0xfe [ 302.941792] [<c042856b>] __do_softirq+0x5d/0xc1 [ 302.944788] [<c042850e>] __do_softirq+0x0/0xc1 [ 302.948999] [<c040564b>] do_softirq+0x55/0x88 [ 302.951870] [<c04501b1>] handle_fasteoi_irq+0x0/0xa4 [ 302.954986] [<c04284da>] irq_exit+0x35/0x69 [ 302.959081] [<c0405717>] do_IRQ+0x99/0xae [ 302.961896] [<c040422b>] common_interrupt+0x23/0x28 [ 302.966279] [<c040819d>] default_idle+0x2a/0x3d [ 302.969212] [<c0402552>] cpu_idle+0xb2/0xd2 [ 302.972169] ======================= [ 302.974274] Code: fc ff 84 d2 0f 84 df fd ff ff e9 34 fe ff ff 83 c4 0c 5b 5e 5f 5d c3 90 90 57 89 d7 56 53 89 c3 50 68 3a 41 6f c0 e8 e9 55 e5 ff <8b> 93 9c 04 00 00 58 85 d2 59 74 1e 8b 72 10 31 db 31 c9 85 f6 [ 303.011610] EIP: [<c05cfaa6>] tcp_v4_md5_do_lookup+0x12/0x42 SS:ESP 0068:c0792e54 [ 303.018360] Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception in interrupt Signed-off-by: Gui Jianfeng <guijianfeng@cn.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2008-08-06ipv4: Fix over-ifdeffing of ip_static_sysctl_init.David S. Miller
Noticed by Paulius Zaleckas. Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2008-08-06ipsec: Interfamily IPSec BEETJoakim Koskela
Here's a revised version, based on Herbert's comments, of a fix for the ipv6-inner, ipv4-outer interfamily ipsec beet mode. It fixes the network header adjustment in interfamily, and doesn't reserve space for the pseudo header anymore when we have ipv6 as the inner family. Signed-off-by: Joakim Koskela <jookos@gmail.com> Acked-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2008-08-06ipv4: replace dst_metric() with dst_mtu() in net/ipv4/route.c.Rami Rosen
This patch replaces dst_metric() with dst_mtu() in net/ipv4/route.c. Signed-off-by: Rami Rosen <ramirose@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2008-08-03net: Add missing extra2 parameter for ip_default_ttl sysctlSven Wegener
Commit 76e6ebfb40a2455c18234dcb0f9df37533215461 ("netns: add namespace parameter to rt_cache_flush") acceses the extra2 parameter of the ip_default_ttl ctl_table, but it is never set to a meaningful value. When e84f84f276473dcc673f360e8ff3203148bdf0e2 ("netns: place rt_genid into struct net") is applied, we'll oops in rt_cache_invalidate(). Set extra2 to init_net, to avoid that. Reported-by: Marcin Slusarz <marcin.slusarz@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Sven Wegener <sven.wegener@stealer.net> Tested-by: Marcin Slusarz <marcin.slusarz@gmail.com> Acked-by: Denis V. Lunev <den@openvz.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2008-08-01Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net-2.6Linus Torvalds
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net-2.6: (46 commits) tcp: MD5: Fix IPv6 signatures skbuff: add missing kernel-doc for do_not_encrypt net/ipv4/route.c: fix build error tcp: MD5: Fix MD5 signatures on certain ACK packets ipv6: Fix ip6_xmit to send fragments if ipfragok is true ipvs: Move userspace definitions to include/linux/ip_vs.h netdev: Fix lockdep warnings in multiqueue configurations. netfilter: xt_hashlimit: fix race between htable_destroy and htable_gc netfilter: ipt_recent: fix race between recent_mt_destroy and proc manipulations netfilter: nf_conntrack_tcp: decrease timeouts while data in unacknowledged irda: replace __FUNCTION__ with __func__ nsc-ircc: default to dongle type 9 on IBM hardware bluetooth: add quirks for a few hci_usb devices hysdn: remove the packed attribute from PofTimStamp_tag isdn: use the common ascii hex helpers tg3: adapt tg3 to use reworked PCI PM code atm: fix direct casts of pointers to u32 in the InterPhase driver atm: fix const assignment/discard warnings in the ATM networking driver net: use the common ascii hex helpers random32: seeding improvement ...
2008-08-01[PATCH] ipv4_static_sysctl_init() should be under CONFIG_SYSCTLAl Viro
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2008-07-31net/ipv4/route.c: fix build errorIngo Molnar
fix: net/ipv4/route.c: In function 'ip_static_sysctl_init': net/ipv4/route.c:3225: error: 'ipv4_route_path' undeclared (first use in this function) net/ipv4/route.c:3225: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once net/ipv4/route.c:3225: error: for each function it appears in.) net/ipv4/route.c:3225: error: 'ipv4_route_table' undeclared (first use in this function) Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2008-07-31tcp: MD5: Fix MD5 signatures on certain ACK packetsAdam Langley
I noticed, looking at tcpdumps, that timewait ACKs were getting sent with an incorrect MD5 signature when signatures were enabled. I broke this in 49a72dfb8814c2d65bd9f8c9c6daf6395a1ec58d ("tcp: Fix MD5 signatures for non-linear skbs"). I didn't take into account that the skb passed to tcp_*_send_ack was the inbound packet, thus the source and dest addresses need to be swapped when calculating the MD5 pseudoheader. Signed-off-by: Adam Langley <agl@imperialviolet.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2008-07-31netfilter: ipt_recent: fix race between recent_mt_destroy and proc manipulationsPavel Emelyanov
The thing is that recent_mt_destroy first flushes the entries from table with the recent_table_flush and only *after* this removes the proc file, corresponding to that table. Thus, if we manage to write to this file the '+XXX' command we will leak some entries. If we manage to write there a 'clean' command we'll race in two recent_table_flush flows, since the recent_mt_destroy calls this outside the recent_lock. The proper solution as I see it is to remove the proc file first and then go on with flushing the table. This flushing becomes safe w/o the lock, since the table is already inaccessible from the outside. Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org> Signed-off-by: Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2008-07-30net: use the common ascii hex helpersHarvey Harrison
Signed-off-by: Harvey Harrison <harvey.harrison@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2008-07-30tcp: MD5: Use MIB counter instead of warning for MD5 mismatch.David S. Miller
From a report by Matti Aarnio, and preliminary patch by Adam Langley. Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2008-07-27net: missing bits of net-namespace / sysctlAl Viro
Piss-poor sysctl registration API strikes again, film at 11... What we really need is _pathname_ required to be present in already registered table, so that kernel could warn about bad order. That's the next target for sysctl stuff (and generally saner and more explicit order of initialization of ipv[46] internals wouldn't hurt either). For the time being, here are full fixups required by ..._rotable() stuff; we make per-net sysctl sets descendents of "ro" one and make sure that sufficient skeleton is there before we start registering per-net sysctls. Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2008-07-27Merge branch 'master' of ↵David S. Miller
master.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6
2008-07-27ipcomp: Fix warnings after ipcomp consolidation.David S. Miller
net/ipv4/ipcomp.c: In function ‘ipcomp4_init_state’: net/ipv4/ipcomp.c:109: warning: unused variable ‘calg_desc’ net/ipv4/ipcomp.c:108: warning: unused variable ‘ipcd’ net/ipv4/ipcomp.c:107: warning: ‘err’ may be used uninitialized in this function net/ipv6/ipcomp6.c: In function ‘ipcomp6_init_state’: net/ipv6/ipcomp6.c:139: warning: unused variable ‘calg_desc’ net/ipv6/ipcomp6.c:138: warning: unused variable ‘ipcd’ net/ipv6/ipcomp6.c:137: warning: ‘err’ may be used uninitialized in this function Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2008-07-26Merge branch 'for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs-2.6 * 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs-2.6: (39 commits) [PATCH] fix RLIM_NOFILE handling [PATCH] get rid of corner case in dup3() entirely [PATCH] remove remaining namei_{32,64}.h crap [PATCH] get rid of indirect users of namei.h [PATCH] get rid of __user_path_lookup_open [PATCH] f_count may wrap around [PATCH] dup3 fix [PATCH] don't pass nameidata to __ncp_lookup_validate() [PATCH] don't pass nameidata to gfs2_lookupi() [PATCH] new (local) helper: user_path_parent() [PATCH] sanitize __user_walk_fd() et.al. [PATCH] preparation to __user_walk_fd cleanup [PATCH] kill nameidata passing to permission(), rename to inode_permission() [PATCH] take noexec checks to very few callers that care Re: [PATCH 3/6] vfs: open_exec cleanup [patch 4/4] vfs: immutable inode checking cleanup [patch 3/4] fat: dont call notify_change [patch 2/4] vfs: utimes cleanup [patch 1/4] vfs: utimes: move owner check into inode_change_ok() [PATCH] vfs: use kstrdup() and check failing allocation ...
2008-07-26Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net-2.6Linus Torvalds
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net-2.6: netns: fix ip_rt_frag_needed rt_is_expired netfilter: nf_conntrack_extend: avoid unnecessary "ct->ext" dereferences netfilter: fix double-free and use-after free netfilter: arptables in netns for real netfilter: ip{,6}tables_security: fix future section mismatch selinux: use nf_register_hooks() netfilter: ebtables: use nf_register_hooks() Revert "pkt_sched: sch_sfq: dump a real number of flows" qeth: use dev->ml_priv instead of dev->priv syncookies: Make sure ECN is disabled net: drop unused BUG_TRAP() net: convert BUG_TRAP to generic WARN_ON drivers/net: convert BUG_TRAP to generic WARN_ON
2008-07-26[PATCH] sysctl: make sure that /proc/sys/net/ipv4 appears before per-ns onesAl Viro
Massage ipv4 initialization - make sure that net.ipv4 appears as non-per-net-namespace before it shows up in per-net-namespace sysctls. That's the only change outside of sysctl.c needed to get sane ordering rules and data structures for sysctls (esp. for procfs side of that mess). Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2008-07-26netns: fix ip_rt_frag_needed rt_is_expiredHugh Dickins
Running recent kernels, and using a particular vpn gateway, I've been having to edit my mails down to get them accepted by the smtp server. Git bisect led to commit e84f84f276473dcc673f360e8ff3203148bdf0e2 - netns: place rt_genid into struct net. The conversion from a != test to rt_is_expired() put one negative too many: and now my mail works. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Acked-by: Denis V. Lunev <den@openvz.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2008-07-26netfilter: arptables in netns for realAlexey Dobriyan
IN, FORWARD -- grab netns from in device, OUT -- from out device. Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2008-07-26netfilter: ip{,6}tables_security: fix future section mismatchAlexey Dobriyan
Currently not visible, because NET_NS is mutually exclusive with SYSFS which is required by SECURITY. Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2008-07-26syncookies: Make sure ECN is disabledFlorian Westphal
ecn_ok is not initialized when a connection is established by cookies. The cookie syn-ack never sets ECN, so ecn_ok must be set to 0. Spotted using ns-3/network simulation cradle simulator and valgrind. Signed-off-by: Florian Westphal <fw@strlen.de> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2008-07-25net: convert BUG_TRAP to generic WARN_ONIlpo Järvinen
Removes legacy reinvent-the-wheel type thing. The generic machinery integrates much better to automated debugging aids such as kerneloops.org (and others), and is unambiguous due to better naming. Non-intuively BUG_TRAP() is actually equal to WARN_ON() rather than BUG_ON() though some might actually be promoted to BUG_ON() but I left that to future. I could make at least one BUILD_BUG_ON conversion. Signed-off-by: Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@helsinki.fi> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2008-07-25Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net-2.6Linus Torvalds
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net-2.6: ipsec: ipcomp - Decompress into frags if necessary ipsec: ipcomp - Merge IPComp implementations pkt_sched: Fix locking in shutdown_scheduler_queue()
2008-07-25list_for_each_rcu must die: networkingPaul E. McKenney
All uses of list_for_each_rcu() can be profitably replaced by the easier-to-use list_for_each_entry_rcu(). This patch makes this change for networking, in preparation for removing the list_for_each_rcu() API entirely. Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-25ipsec: ipcomp - Merge IPComp implementationsHerbert Xu
This patch merges the IPv4/IPv6 IPComp implementations since most of the code is identical. As a result future enhancements will no longer need to be duplicated. Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2008-07-23netfilter: make security table depend on NETFILTER_ADVANCEDPatrick McHardy
Signed-off-by: Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2008-07-23tcp: Clear probes_out more aggressively in tcp_ack().David S. Miller
This is based upon an excellent bug report from Eric Dumazet. tcp_ack() should clear ->icsk_probes_out even if there are packets outstanding. Otherwise if we get a sequence of ACKs while we do have packets outstanding over and over again, we'll never clear the probes_out value and eventually think the connection is too sick and we'll reset it. This appears to be some "optimization" added to tcp_ack() in the 2.4.x timeframe. In 2.2.x, probes_out is pretty much always cleared by tcp_ack(). Here is Eric's original report: ---------------------------------------- Apparently, we can in some situations reset TCP connections in a couple of seconds when some frames are lost. In order to reproduce the problem, please try the following program on linux-2.6.25.* Setup some iptables rules to allow two frames per second sent on loopback interface to tcp destination port 12000 iptables -N SLOWLO iptables -A SLOWLO -m hashlimit --hashlimit 2 --hashlimit-burst 1 --hashlimit-mode dstip --hashlimit-name slow2 -j ACCEPT iptables -A SLOWLO -j DROP iptables -A OUTPUT -o lo -p tcp --dport 12000 -j SLOWLO Then run the attached program and see the output : # ./loop State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port ESTAB 0 40 127.0.0.1:54455 127.0.0.1:12000 timer:(persist,200ms,1) State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port ESTAB 0 40 127.0.0.1:54455 127.0.0.1:12000 timer:(persist,200ms,3) State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port ESTAB 0 40 127.0.0.1:54455 127.0.0.1:12000 timer:(persist,200ms,5) State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port ESTAB 0 40 127.0.0.1:54455 127.0.0.1:12000 timer:(persist,200ms,7) State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port ESTAB 0 40 127.0.0.1:54455 127.0.0.1:12000 timer:(persist,200ms,9) State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port ESTAB 0 40 127.0.0.1:54455 127.0.0.1:12000 timer:(persist,200ms,11) State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port ESTAB 0 40 127.0.0.1:54455 127.0.0.1:12000 timer:(persist,201ms,13) State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port ESTAB 0 40 127.0.0.1:54455 127.0.0.1:12000 timer:(persist,188ms,15) write(): Connection timed out wrote 890 bytes but was interrupted after 9 seconds ESTAB 0 0 127.0.0.1:12000 127.0.0.1:54455 Exiting read() because no data available (4000 ms timeout). read 860 bytes While this tcp session makes progress (sending frames with 50 bytes of payload, every 500ms), linux tcp stack decides to reset it, when tcp_retries 2 is reached (default value : 15) tcpdump : 15:30:28.856695 IP 127.0.0.1.56554 > 127.0.0.1.12000: S 33788768:33788768(0) win 32792 <mss 16396,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7> 15:30:28.856711 IP 127.0.0.1.12000 > 127.0.0.1.56554: S 33899253:33899253(0) ack 33788769 win 32792 <mss 16396,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7> 15:30:29.356947 IP 127.0.0.1.56554 > 127.0.0.1.12000: P 1:61(60) ack 1 win 257 15:30:29.356966 IP 127.0.0.1.12000 > 127.0.0.1.56554: . ack 61 win 257 15:30:29.866415 IP 127.0.0.1.56554 > 127.0.0.1.12000: P 61:111(50) ack 1 win 257 15:30:29.866427 IP 127.0.0.1.12000 > 127.0.0.1.56554: . ack 111 win 257 15:30:30.366516 IP 127.0.0.1.56554 > 127.0.0.1.12000: P 111:161(50) ack 1 win 257 15:30:30.366527 IP 127.0.0.1.12000 > 127.0.0.1.56554: . ack 161 win 257 15:30:30.876196 IP 127.0.0.1.56554 > 127.0.0.1.12000: P 161:211(50) ack 1 win 257 15:30:30.876207 IP 127.0.0.1.12000 > 127.0.0.1.56554: . ack 211 win 257 15:30:31.376282 IP 127.0.0.1.56554 > 127.0.0.1.12000: P 211:261(50) ack 1 win 257 15:30:31.376290 IP 127.0.0.1.12000 > 127.0.0.1.56554: . ack 261 win 257 15:30:31.885619 IP 127.0.0.1.56554 > 127.0.0.1.12000: P 261:311(50) ack 1 win 257 15:30:31.885631 IP 127.0.0.1.12000 > 127.0.0.1.56554: . ack 311 win 257 15:30:32.385705 IP 127.0.0.1.56554 > 127.0.0.1.12000: P 311:361(50) ack 1 win 257 15:30:32.385715 IP 127.0.0.1.12000 > 127.0.0.1.56554: . ack 361 win 257 15:30:32.895249 IP 127.0.0.1.56554 > 127.0.0.1.12000: P 361:411(50) ack 1 win 257 15:30:32.895266 IP 127.0.0.1.12000 > 127.0.0.1.56554: . ack 411 win 257 15:30:33.395341 IP 127.0.0.1.56554 > 127.0.0.1.12000: P 411:461(50) ack 1 win 257 15:30:33.395351 IP 127.0.0.1.12000 > 127.0.0.1.56554: . ack 461 win 257 15:30:33.918085 IP 127.0.0.1.56554 > 127.0.0.1.12000: P 461:511(50) ack 1 win 257 15:30:33.918096 IP 127.0.0.1.12000 > 127.0.0.1.56554: . ack 511 win 257 15:30:34.418163 IP 127.0.0.1.56554 > 127.0.0.1.12000: P 511:561(50) ack 1 win 257 15:30:34.418172 IP 127.0.0.1.12000 > 127.0.0.1.56554: . ack 561 win 257 15:30:34.927685 IP 127.0.0.1.56554 > 127.0.0.1.12000: P 561:611(50) ack 1 win 257 15:30:34.927698 IP 127.0.0.1.12000 > 127.0.0.1.56554: . ack 611 win 257 15:30:35.427757 IP 127.0.0.1.56554 > 127.0.0.1.12000: P 611:661(50) ack 1 win 257 15:30:35.427766 IP 127.0.0.1.12000 > 127.0.0.1.56554: . ack 661 win 257 15:30:35.937359 IP 127.0.0.1.56554 > 127.0.0.1.12000: P 661:711(50) ack 1 win 257 15:30:35.937376 IP 127.0.0.1.12000 > 127.0.0.1.56554: . ack 711 win 257 15:30:36.437451 IP 127.0.0.1.56554 > 127.0.0.1.12000: P 711:761(50) ack 1 win 257 15:30:36.437464 IP 127.0.0.1.12000 > 127.0.0.1.56554: . ack 761 win 257 15:30:36.947022 IP 127.0.0.1.56554 > 127.0.0.1.12000: P 761:811(50) ack 1 win 257 15:30:36.947039 IP 127.0.0.1.12000 > 127.0.0.1.56554: . ack 811 win 257 15:30:37.447135 IP 127.0.0.1.56554 > 127.0.0.1.12000: P 811:861(50) ack 1 win 257 15:30:37.447203 IP 127.0.0.1.12000 > 127.0.0.1.56554: . ack 861 win 257 15:30:41.448171 IP 127.0.0.1.12000 > 127.0.0.1.56554: F 1:1(0) ack 861 win 257 15:30:41.448189 IP 127.0.0.1.56554 > 127.0.0.1.12000: R 33789629:33789629(0) win 0 Source of program : /* * small producer/consumer program. * setup a listener on 127.0.0.1:12000 * Forks a child * child connect to 127.0.0.1, and sends 10 bytes on this tcp socket every 100 ms * Father accepts connection, and read all data */ #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <time.h> #include <sys/poll.h> int port = 12000; char buffer[4096]; int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int lfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); struct sockaddr_in socket_address; time_t t0, t1; int on = 1, sfd, res; unsigned long total = 0; socklen_t alen = sizeof(socket_address); pid_t pid; time(&t0); socket_address.sin_family = AF_INET; socket_address.sin_port = htons(port); socket_address.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_LOOPBACK); if (lfd == -1) { perror("socket()"); return 1; } setsockopt(lfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &on, sizeof(int)); if (bind(lfd, (struct sockaddr *)&socket_address, sizeof(socket_address)) == -1) { perror("bind"); close(lfd); return 1; } if (listen(lfd, 1) == -1) { perror("listen()"); close(lfd); return 1; } pid = fork(); if (pid == 0) { int i, cfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); close(lfd); if (connect(cfd, (struct sockaddr *)&socket_address, sizeof(socket_address)) == -1) { perror("connect()"); return 1; } for (i = 0 ; ;) { res = write(cfd, "blablabla\n", 10); if (res > 0) total += res; else if (res == -1) { perror("write()"); break; } else break; usleep(100000); if (++i == 10) { system("ss -on dst 127.0.0.1:12000"); i = 0; } } time(&t1); fprintf(stderr, "wrote %lu bytes but was interrupted after %g seconds\n", total, difftime(t1, t0)); system("ss -on | grep 127.0.0.1:12000"); close(cfd); return 0; } sfd = accept(lfd, (struct sockaddr *)&socket_address, &alen); if (sfd == -1) { perror("accept"); return 1; } close(lfd); while (1) { struct pollfd pfd[1]; pfd[0].fd = sfd; pfd[0].events = POLLIN; if (poll(pfd, 1, 4000) == 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Exiting read() because no data available (4000 ms timeout).\n"); break; } res = read(sfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)); if (res > 0) total += res; else if (res == 0) break; else perror("read()"); } fprintf(stderr, "read %lu bytes\n", total); close(sfd); return 0; } ---------------------------------------- Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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